![]() Babies have a tenfold higher water turnover per kg of body weight than adults do.Īs an average females have a low body water percentage compared to males. Such high values are observed in the newborn and in extremely fit athletes with minimal body fat. The so-called lean body mass, which means a body stripped of fat, contains 0.69 parts of water (69%) of the total body weight in all persons. They are said to be isosmolal, because they have the same osmolality. The three compartments have the same concentration expressed as mOsmol per kg of water or the same freeze-point depression. Water permeable membranes separate the three compartments, so that they contain almost the same number of osmotically active particles per kg. The three major body fluid compartments are the intracellular fluid volume (ICV), the interstitial fluid volume (ISV) and the vascular space (Chapter 1, ]Fig.1-4)]. Read first about the nephron ( paragraph 1 of Chapter 25 ). Regulation of renal water excretion, and 9. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade, 7. Total body water is destributed between two compartments separated by the cell membrane: The intracellular and the extracellular fluid.Radioactivity is measured as the number of radioactive disintegrations per s (in Becquerel or Bq per l).Oxidation water or metabolic water (oxidative phosphorylation) refers to the daily water production by combustion of food - normally 300-400 g of water daily in an adult.Overhydration refers to a clinical condition with an abnormal increase in total body water resulting in an increased ECV and thus salt accumulation.Plasma osmolality is normally maintained constant by the antidiuretic hormone feedback system. Water occupies 93-94% of plasma in healthy persons. Plasma-osmolality is given in Osmol per kg of water. Osmolality is a measure of the osmotic active particles in one kg of water.Oedema refers to a clinical condition with an abnormal accumulation of tissue fluid or interstitial fluid.Hyponatraemia refers to a clinical condition with plasma- below 135 mM.Hypernatraemia refers to a clinical condition with plasma- above 145 mM.Hypokalaemia refers to a clinical condition with plasma- below 3.5 mM.Hyperkalaemia refers to a clinical condition with plasma- above 5 mM (mmol/l of plasma).Interstitial fluid (ISF) is the tissue fluid between the cells in the extravascular space. The ECV contains the remaining water (14-16 kg) with most of the water in tissue fluid (ISF) and about 3 kg of water in plasma. Extracellular fluid volume (ECV) refers to the interstitial and the plasma volume.One litre of water equals one kg of water. ![]() This volume normally contains 26-28 litre (l) out of the total 42 l of water in a 70-kg person. Intracellular fluid volume (ICV) refers to the volume of fluid inside all cells.Dextrans are polysaccharides of high molecular weight.Dehydration is a clinical condition with an abnormal reduction of one or more of the major fluid compartments (ie, total body water with shrinkage of blood volume or ISF). ![]() ![]()
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